Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) syndrome is a painful sensation in the jaw caused by various medical problems. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) connects the area of the skull, just in front of the ear, to the lower jaw. Some of the muscles used for chewing attach to the lower jaw. When problems affect this area, TMJ pain can occur in the head, neck, face, ears, jaw, and more. Often, the jaw muscles lock, leading to difficulty biting or clicking sounds when biting. TMJ can cause teeth clenching and grinding, which often results in intense jaw pain.
What causes TMJ?
TMJ syndrome can be caused by poor oral habits, daily wear and tear, certain diseases, and trauma. Some trauma can be as simple as clenching or grinding your teeth. As a result, the muscles of the mouth around the joint become inflamed. In addition, trauma such as a blow to the jaw from a car accident can cause damage due to jaw fractures or dislocations. Using ice packs to relieve pain from impacts and accidents is often helpful, as is practicing jaw relaxation techniques. Other causes of TMJ syndrome can include cancer, intra-articular infections, and bone deformities.
What are the risk factors for TMJ syndrome?
Generally, women are at higher risk of developing TMJ, and people between the ages of 18 and 44 are especially susceptible. Childbearing age is often associated with a higher risk of developing TMJ. Previous studies indicate that people sensitive to painful stimuli are at higher risk of developing TMJ.
Genetics has also been shown to trigger syndrome. Genes associated with inflammation, stress, and psychological well-being may contribute to TMJ syndrome. Furthermore, people who experience prolonged pain, such as headaches or backaches, are more likely to develop it.
How is TMJ treated?
Some TMJ symptoms can be successfully treated at home by practicing relaxation techniques and reducing stress. At home, the following TMJ treatments may offer relief:
- Applying ice packs to the joint. Icing is very effective for reducing swelling and pain in jaw muscles.
- Taking anti-inflammatory medications or pain relievers.
- Drinking liquids and eating soft food.
- Eliminate chewing gum.
- Massaging the jaw and neck area or going to physical therapy.
- Practice reducing stress and relaxation skills.
If home remedies don't work, the next option is professional medical treatment. Some treatments don't cure TMJ, but they can offer long-term relief from painful symptoms.
- Use of a professional dental splint or mouthguard to prevent bruxism. This also helps keep the jaw properly aligned. These are similar to mouthguards, but are fitted by a specialist and require a prescription.
- Rigorous physical therapy routine to exercise the jaw. The plan is for improving range of motion and flexibility as well as making the muscles in the jaw stronger.
- Oftentimes, cognitive biobehavioral treatments are attempted to lessen pain.
- Acupuncture for trigger points can relieve pain.
- In extreme cases of TMJ, dental or jaw surgery may be needed. This would include procedures such as arthroscopy or arthrocentesis on an outpatient basis. Recovering from these procedures takes approximately one week. If complete replacement of the joint is required, the surgical procedure would be performed in a hospital setting and recovery is about six weeks.
- Muscle relaxers, sleep medications and steroid injections are often used as well.
- In rare cases, a medical professional might try Botox to help relax the jaw muscles. Currently, this is not FDA approved as a treatment plan for TMJ.
Experiencing occasional mild pain in the chewing muscles and jaw is normal. There is no cause for concern unless the pain becomes severe and prolonged. In this case, it's time to see a doctor. If you have trouble swallowing or if your jaw continues to hurt when opening and closing your mouth, it's time to seek professional help.
Treatment is always most effective if started at the first sign and symptoms of TMJ. Furthermore, you should always go to the emergency room if your jaw remains locked, whether open or closed. The emergency room doctor can manually reposition your jaw.
This cannot be attempted at home. If your jaw is locked, sedation is usually necessary. The doctor will then manually manipulate your mouth to open it. The prognosis for TMJ syndrome is generally positive. Most people manage effectively at home without major discomfort.
There are some complications associated with prolonged TMJ, such as persistent headaches and facial pain. In severe cases, a long-term treatment plan should be established with a medical professional. If you have jaw pain or have questions or concerns about your TMJ, contact Gentle Touch Family Dentistry in Lathrup Village.